Muharram Fasting for Tasu’a and Ashura 2024: Proof, Virtues, Timetable, Niyyah and How to Perform It

sr is as follows,
The first is to recite the intention for jamak taqdim Dhuhr and Asr prayer (done at Dhuhr time). Reciting the intention for jamak taqdim prayer in the first prayer is very important, as this is one of the conditions for jamak taqdim prayer. The recitation of the intention for jamak taqdim Dh

4).

Thousands of residents from the slopes of Merapi take part in the traditional ceremony of mountain offerings by releasing a buffalo head, which is performed every night of 1 Muharam or the night of 1 Sura according

Teaching patience. Through Prophet Yunus’s story, this prayer also teaches Muslims about the significance of patience and perseverance in facing life’s trials. If you have any thoughts pertaining to wherever and how to use hasbunallah nikmal wakil, you can get in touch with us at the web-site. Patience is one of the qualities that is greatly beloved by Alla

Allah’s forgiveness. Prophet Yunus’s prayer also embodies the meaning of Allah SWT’s forgiveness. When Prophet Yunus was submerged in the ocean, Allah SWT forgave him after he asked for forgiveness with his prayer. This teaches Muslims to always be God-fearing and seek forgiveness from Alla

ing supplication.
اللهُ اَكْبَرُ كَبِرًا وَالْحَمْدُ لِلهِ كَشِيْرًا وَسُبْحَانَ اللهِ بُكْرَةً وَاَصِيْلًا . اِنِّى وَجَّهْتُ وَجْهِيَ لِلَّذِيْ فَطَرَالسَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْااَرْضَ حَنِيْفًا مُسْلِمًا وَمَا اَنَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِيْنَ . اِنَّ صَلَاتِيْ وَنُسُكِيْ وَمَحْيَايَ وَمَمَاتِيْ لِلهِ رَبِّ الْعَا لَمِيْنَ . لاَ شَرِيْكَ لَهُ وَبِذَ لِكَ اُمِرْتُ وَاَنَ مِنَ ال

The recitation of Prophet Yunus’s prayer has a profound meaning and can be used as a self-reflection for Muslims. By reciting this supplication, Muslims are expected to take lessons from Prophet Yunus’s story and use it as motivation to better themselves and keep striving to get closer to

Reciting Basmalah
Prophet Muhammad SAW advised reciting basmalah before commencing anything, including drinking. Reciting “Bismillah” before drinking milk on 1 Muharram is part of the etiquette of drinking as instructed by Prophet Muhammad SAW, which can enhance benediction in every sip, expressing good intentions and invocations for goo

usness and grace.
KH Abdul Hamid also emphasizes the health benefits of milk, especially for children’s growth and development. According to him, milk has been cited in the Quran and hadith as a drink rich in grace. During the Isra’ Mi’raj event, Prophet Muhammad saw picked milk when Angel Gabr

roughout the day.
In Indonesia, the tradition of drinking milk on 1 Muharram is more followed by the followers in the NU organization as a way of adhering to the recommendation of the great Makkah scholar, Abuya As-Sayyid Muhammad bin Alawy Al Maliki. He regularly distributed milk to his pupils on 1 Muharram, making it a way of expectation for

Muslims carry out Tahajud prayer during the Night of Lailatul Qadar at Naif Mosque, Dubai (5/5/2021). 10 days before the end of Ramadan, Muslims undertake Itikaf to reach the night of glory (Lailatul Qadar) by reciting the Quran, doing Tahajud Prayer an

ached its zenith.
The time for Dhuha prayer if adapted to the time in Indonesia is around 08:00 to 11:00. However, it is better if it is done after the sun is hot. This is based on the hadith from Zai

لِمِيْنَ
Allaahu akbaru Kabiraa Walhamdulillaahi Katsiiraa, Wa Subhaanallaahi Bukratan Wa’ashiilaa, Innii Wajjahtu Wajhiya Lilladzii Fatharas Samaawaati Wal Ardha Haniifan Musliman Wamaa Anaa Minal Musyrikiin. Inna Shalaatii Wa Nusukii Wa Mahyaaya Wa Mamaatii Lillaahi Rabbil ‘Aalamiina. Laa Syariikalahu Wa Bidzaalika Umir

tiples.

Dhuha prayer is performed in the morning, namely from 08.00 to 11.00. For Muslims, performing Dhuha prayer is the right time to ask for sustenance and seek forgiveness. Because a servant who carries out Dhuha prayer and recites the Arabic prayer after Dhuha prayer will

واه مسلم)
Meaning: “Narrated from Abu Qatadah ra: indeed the Prophet Muhammad saw was once asked about the virtue of fasting on the day of Ashura, then he answered: ‘Ashura fasting erases the sins of the past yea

Prophet Yunus’s perseverance and submission in executing Allah’s orders can also be a role model for Muslims in confronting life’s challenges and executing the tasks we shoulder. Prophet Yunus’s supplication serves as a reminder for Muslims that nothing is more important than taking refuge with Allah SWT and preserving our relationship wit

Dhuha prayer is a voluntary prayer performed in the morning. It begins when the sun starts to rise about a spear’s length or after sunrise (around 07.00) until before the time of Dzuhur prayer when the sun has n

When is the Most Important Time for Dhuha Prayer? In the Words of Buya Yahya Pray at This Time

لِمِيْنَ
Allaahu akbaru Kabiraa Walhamdulillaahi Katsiiraa, Wa Subhaanallaahi Bukratan Wa’ashiilaa, Innii Wajjahtu Wajhiya Lilladzii Fatharas Samaawaati Wal Ardha Haniifan Musliman Wamaa Anaa Minal Musyrikiin. Inna Shalaatii Wa Nusukii Wa Mahyaaya Wa Mamaatii Lillaahi Rabbil ‘Aalamiina. Laa Syariikalahu Wa Bidzaalika Umir

the sun’s heat.”
“So, the young camel is sunbathing. So, when it starts to feel warm around 9 o’clock. If you loved this article and you would like to obtain much more details regarding larangan malam satu suro kindly stop by our webpage. That’s the better time for Dhuha prayer. It is said to be when the sun rises about a quarter of the day, approximately 3 hours from sunri

owards the west).
Meanwhile, the charismatic scholar KH Yahya Zainul Ma’arif, also known as Buya Yahya, clarifies that the time for Dhuha prayer is after the sun has risen high until just before it reaches directly overhead. As long as the sun is not directly above one’s head, it is still wit

Both of these dhikr recitations can be practiced as a form of devotion to Allah SWT. By reciting hasbunallah wanikmal wakil nikmal maula wanikman nasir, a Muslim surrenders to Allah and seeks protection only fro

Intention is important in various forms of worship in Islam. Because intention is what distinguishes whether an act has worship value or not. Intention also distinguishes one type of worship from another.

from Allah.
5. Long Istighfar: Astaghfirullah hal”adzim, aladzi laailaha illahuwal khayyul qoyyuumu wa atuubu ilaiih. Meaning: “I seek forgiveness from Allah, the Almighty, besides whom there is no God, the Ever-Living, the Self-Subsisting, and I turn to

jud prayer:
Allâhumma rabbana lakal hamdu. Anta qayyimus samâwâti wal ardhi wa man fî hinna. Wa lakal hamdu anta malikus samâwâti wal ardhi wa man fî hinna. Wa lakal hamdu anta nûrus samâwâti wal ardhi wa man fî hinna. Wa lakal hamdu antal haq. Wa wa’dukal haq. Wa liqâ’uka haq. Wa qauluka haq. Wal jannatu haq. Wan nâru haq. Wan nabiyyûna haq. Wa Muhammadun shallallâhu alaihi wasallama h

Dhikr is also regarded as a deed that opens the door to sustenance. It makes one’s worldly and afterlife affairs feel smoother and easier. When doing dhikr, one will feel grateful for everything Allah has given, so the heart always feels satisfied and far from feelings of greed and av

لِحِيْنَ
Allâhumma innad dlahâ’a dlahâ’uka, wal bahâ’a bahâ’uka, wal jamâla jamâluka, wal quwwata quwwatuka, wal qudrata qudratuka, wal ishmata ishmatuka. Allâhuma in kâna rizqî fis samâ’i fa anzilhu, wa inkâna fil ardhi fa akhrijhu, wa inkâna mu’siran (mu’assaran) fa yassirhu, wa in kâna harâman fa thahhirhu, wa inkâna ba’îdan fa qarribhu, bi haqqi dlahâ’ika wa bahâ’ika wa jamâlika wa quwwatika wa qudratika, âtinî mâ ata

أُصَلِّيْ فَرْضَ الْعِشَاءِ رَكَعَتَيْنِ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ مَجْمُوْعًا بِالْمَغْرِبِ جَمْعَ تَأْخِيْرٍ قَصْرَا للهِ تَعَالَى

As one of the series of dhikr, the meaning of hasbunallah wanikmal wakil nikmal maula wanikman nasir in Arabic ought to be comprehended by Muslims. Dhikr is an act of worship done by remembering and continually reciting praises to Alla

Meaning: Those to whom people said, “Indeed, the people have gathered against you, so fear them.” But it [merely] increased them in faith, and they said, “Sufficient for us is Allah, and [He is] the best Disposer of aff

Allah the Exalted
The recitations of prayer intentions mentioned are for performing prayer individually. For congregational prayer intentions, there is an addition after the Adaa-an recitation. Add the recitation makmuman مَأْمُوْمًا when acting as a follower. Add the recitation imaman إ

In addition to understanding the intention for jamak takhir Maghrib Isha, we also need to know the procedure for performing jamak takhir Maghrib Isha prayers. Besides being able to be combined (jamak), another form of leniency in worship is qasar. Qasar itself is a form of rukhsah in Islam that allows for shortening prayers with four rak’ahs to two rak’ahs.

3).

A video became viral on social media. It shows KRL passengers on the Bogor-Angke route doing the Fajr prayer in the KRL carriage. The prayer room at the station was known to be full due to the large number of worshippers praying. Therefore, some passengers chose

of reserve deeds
One of the functions of voluntary prayers is to perfect the shortcomings of obligatory prayers. As is known, prayer is the first deed to be accounted for on the Day of Judgment. Prayer is also the key to all good deeds. If one’s prayer is good, then other acts of worship will be good. Likewise, if one’s prayer is ruined, they will be at a loss and be disappointed. Voluntary prayers – including Dhuha prayer – are an investment or reserve deed that can complete the shortcomi

Tahajjud prayer is a prayer carried out in the last third of the night. Then, after conducting the tahajjud prayer, we are advised to recite the tahajjud prayer. Reciting the tahajjud prayer is believed to be g

The History of Drinking Milk on 1 Muharram, Associated Prayers, and Proper Manners

الَّذِيْنَ اٰمَنُوْا وَتَطْمَىِٕنُّ قُلُوْبُهُمْ بِذِكْرِ اللّٰهِ ۗ اَلَا بِذِكْرِ اللّٰهِ تَطْمَىِٕنُّ الْقُلُوْ

The prayer of Prophet Yunus is one of the famous supplications in Islam. This supplication is associated with the story of Prophet Yunus as narrated in the Quran. Prophet Yunus’s prayer becomes a symbol of bravery and submission to

n in Saudi Arabia
The tradition of drinking milk on 1 Muharram is also practiced in Saudi Arabia, where people drink a glass of white milk every morning on that date. This is carried out so that the new year can be undergone with a

“Allahumma rabbana lakal hamdu. Anta qayyimus samawati wal ardhi wa man fii hinna. Wa lakal hamdu anta malikus samawati wal ardhi wa man fii hinna. Wa lakal hamdu anta nurus samawati wal ardhi wa man fii hinna. Wa lakal hamdu antal haqq. Wa wa’dukal haqq. Wa liqa’uka haqq. Wa qauluka haqq. Wal jannatu haqq. Wan naru haqq. Wan nabiyyuna haqq. Wa Muhammadun shallallahu alaihi wasallama haqq. Was sa’atu

O Allah, to You I submit, in You I believe, upon You I rely, to You I turn, for Your sake I dispute, and to You I refer for judgment. So forgive me for what I have sent before me and what I have left behind, what I have concealed and what I have declared, and what You know about me more than I do. You are the One Who brings forward and You are the One Who delays. There is no god but You. There is no might or power except with A

Allahumma laka aslamtu. Wa bika amantu. Wa ‘alaika tawakkaltu. Wa ilaika anabtu. Wa bika khashamtu. Wa ilaika hakamtu. Fagfirlii ma qaddamtu, wa ma akhkhartu, wa ma asrartu, wa ma a’lantu, wa ma anta a’lamu bihi minni. Antal muqaddimu wa antal mu’akhkhiru. La ilaha illa anta. Wa la haula, wa la quwwata illa bi

will be obtained.
In addition to the right-hand group described in this Surah Al Waqiah, there is also a discussion about the ash khabus syimal group or the left-hand group. The left-hand group refers to those who, during their lifetime, persistently committed major sins and lived in luxury. This group is the group that will be m

In this way, a Muslim can receive the full benefits from the act of dhikr. The following is the meaning of hasbunallah wanikmal wakil nikmal maula wanikman nasir in Arabic compiled from various sources, Monday (18/9/

Dhikr is a deed beloved by Allah SWT, and those who do it daily are promised Paradise by Allah. From Shaddad bin Aus radhiyallahu ‘anhu, he said that the Prophet shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam said, “Whoever recites this dhikr during the day with full conviction, and then dies on that day before the evening, he will be among the inhabitants of Paradise. And whoever recites it at night with full conviction, and then dies before dawn, he will be among the inhabitants of Paradise.” (Narrated by Bukhari (7/150, no.

he city of Mecca.
Practicing the prayer after reading Surah Al Waqiah is strongly advised as it perfects the reading of the Holy Quran. Additionally, saying the prayer after reading Surah Al Waqiah can be an potent and significant way to acquire ble

Dhikr is a way to draw closer to Allah SWT. It is one of the deeds most beloved by Allah. The Prophet SAW taught that remembrance of Allah is the purest act in His sight and can raise one’s status. Through dhikr, one can feel close to Allah and feel more drawn t

One of the virtues of dhikr is receiving protection from Allah SWT. Those who continuously remember Allah and praise Him will be protected from various evils. Dhikr is also believed to open the door to salvation in this world and the hereafter. This can be seen from a hadith which states that if certain dhikr is recited three times in the evening, it can protect a person from the danger of poison that

“O Allah, our Lord, all praise is for In case you loved this short article and you want to receive much more information with regards to jamak takhir isya assure visit our website. You. You are the Sustainer of the heavens and the earth and whatever is in them. All praise is for You. You are the Sovereign of the heavens and the earth and whatever is in them. All praise is for You. You are the Light of the heavens and the earth and whatever is in them. All praise is for You. You are the Truth. Your promise is true. The meeting with You is true. Your Word is true. Paradise is true. Hellfire is true. The prophets are true. Muhammad (peace be upon him) is true. The Hour is

ue and blessings.
KH Abdul Hamid also emphasizes the health merits of milk, especially for children’s growth and development. According to him, milk has been mentioned in the Quran and hadith as a drink abundant in benediction. During the Isra’ Mi’raj event, Prophet Muhammad saw chose milk when Angel Gabr

ālimīn(a).

Meaning: “And [mention] the man of the fish, when he went off in anger and thought that We would not decree [anything] upon him. And he called out within the darknesses, “There is no deity except You; exalted are You. Indeed, I hav

Supplication Following Reciting Surah Al-Waqi’ah in Arabic, Romanized Script, and Its Translation

it was explained.
In the book titled Sajen dan Ritual Orang Jawa (2010) by Wahyana Giri, the night of 1 Suro is a holy night and its month is full of blessings. On the night of 1 Suro, some Javanese Muslims believe that getting closer to God can be done by cleansing oneself and fight

nblemished heart.
Referenced from Nahdlatul Ulama’s Aula Magazine July 2023 Edition, this tradition has long been and is practiced as a form of tafa’ul or expecting for good fortune. During the day, they also eat foods that have symbolic meanings such as almond tea and honey to gain ble

het Muhammad SAW.
This is affirmed in the interpretation of Ibn Kathir, the maidens of paradise described as the meaning of Surah al-Waqiah are those who died in old age, later when entering paradise by the will of Allah SWT will transform into young, beautiful, and attrac

Flower Offerings
Setaman flower offerings are a practice on the night of 1 Suro. This is done by providing setaman flower offerings in a container filled with clear water, placed in the house. This ritual is full of meanings symbolized in various things that are included. Red roses, white roses,

ry fasting month.
“The most excellent prayer after the obligatory prayers is the prayer in the last third of the night, and the most excellent fast after the fast of Ramadan is fasting in the month of Muhar

at you can learn:
اَللَّهُمَّ صُنْ وُجُوْهَنَا بِاْليَسَارِ,وَلاَتُوهِنَّابِاْلاِقْتَارِ , فَنَسْتَرْزِقَ طَالِبِيْ رِزْقِكَ وَنَسْتَعْطِفَ شِرَارَخَلْقِكَ وَنَشْتَغِلَ بِحَمْدِ مَنْ اَعْطَانَاوَنُبْتَلَى بِذَمِّ مَنْ مَنَعَنَاوَاَنْتَ مِنْ وَرَاءِذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ اَهْلُ اْلعَطَاءِ وَاْلمَنْعِ . اَللَّهُمَّ كَمَاصُنْتَ وُجْوُ هَنَاعَنِ السُّجُوْدِاِلاَّلَكَ فَصُنَّاعَنِ اْلحاَجَةِاِلاَّاِلَيْكَ بِجُوْدِكَ وَكَرَمِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ , يَااَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِيْنَ (ثلاثا) اَغْنِنَا بِفَضْلِكَ عَمَّنْ سِوَاكَ . وَصَلَّى اللهُ عَلَى سَيِّدِنَامُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى اَلِهِ وَصَحْ

There are certain dates in the month of Muharram that are recommended for observing voluntary fasting with different virtues. So, is it allowed to observe voluntary fasting on the 1st of Muhar

Since the palace wanted to introduce the Islamic calendar, the night of 1 Suro became the right moment for Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo, who wanted to unite the santri and abangan groups. Every Friday Legi, local government reports were conducted while religious teachings were given by the district religious leaders, along with pilgrimages and commemorations to the tombs of Ngampel and Giri. This led to the night

As one of the series of dhikr, the meaning of hasbunallah wanikmal wakil nikmal maula wanikman nasir in Arabic ought to be understood by Muslims. Dhikr is an act of worship performed by remembering and repeatedly uttering praises to Alla

e Night of 1 Suro
A practice on the night of 1 Suro is performing siraman. This is a ritual of taking a grand bath using water mixed with setaman flowers. Siraman is the same as a form of “sembah raga” (sharia) with the aim of purifying the body, as a ceremonial event marking the beginning of asceticism thr

its own virtues.
“It’s possible that the Prophet saw was only informed about the merit of Muharram exceeding Shaban in the later periods of his life, or possibly the Prophet saw already knew about it but was unable to increase fasting in the month of Muharram due to various hindrances, such as illness, travel, and the lik

Meaning: Those to whom people said, “Indeed, the people have gathered against you, so fear them.” But it [merely] increased them in faith, and they said, “Sufficient for us is Allah, and [He is] the best Disposer of aff

e preceding year.
“The fast of Arafah erases the sins of the past year and the coming year.” He was also asked about the merit of the Ashura fast? He replied, “The Ashura fast removes the sins of the preceding y

ange the meaning.
So, you absolutely should not misinterpret this term. The supplication you utter for yourself or for others could actually cause you to invoke something bad. Therefore, you need to grasp the distinction between the meanings of khusnul kho

Dhikr is also considered as a deed that opens the door to provision. It makes one’s worldly and afterlife affairs feel smoother and easier. When doing dhikr, one will feel grateful for everything Allah has given, so the heart always feels content and far from feelings of greed and av

If you have any queries pertaining to wherever and how to use keutamaan doa awal tahun, you can speak to us at our own internet site.

Supplication Following the Dhuha Worship in Arabic, Latin text, and Its Translation

Doing obligatory prayers in jamak takhir is one form of rukhsah or leniency in performing an act of worship in Islam. For example, when on a journey after Asr, and only arriving at the destination at Isha time, we are allowed to perform jamak takhir for Maghrib and Isha prayers.

Intention is important in various forms of worship in Islam. Because intention is what distinguishes whether an act has worship value or not. Intention also distinguishes one type of worship from another.

أُصَلِّيْ فَرْضَ الْعِشَاءِ رَكَعَتَيْنِ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ مَجْمُوْعًا بِالْمَغْرِبِ جَمْعَ تَأْخِيْرٍ قَصْرَا للهِ تَعَالَى

to the Almighty.
Generally, the way Javanese people usually use for self-introspection is through lelaku, which is controlling desires. Throughout the month of Suro, Javanese people believe in continuing to be eling (mindfu

One of the most important things to be able to perform both prayers at Isha time is to know the intention (niat) for jamak takhir Maghrib Isha. Knowing the intention for jamak takhir Maghrib Isha is very important, because intention is what distinguishes one form of worship from another.

لِحِيْنَ
Arabic Dhuha Prayer in Latin: Allaahumma innadh dhuhaa-a dhuhaa-uka walbahaa-a bahaa-uka wal jamaala jamaaluka wal quwwata quw watuka wal qudrata qudratuka wal “ishmatta ‘ishmatuk. Allaahumma in kaana rizqii fissamaa-i fa anzilhu wa in kaanafil ardhi fa-akhrijhu wa in kaana mu’assaran fayas sirhu wa in kaana haraaman fathahhirhu wa in kaana ba’iidan faqarribhu bihaqqi dhuhaa-ika wa bahaa-ika wa jamaalika wa quuwatika wa qudratika aatinii maa aata

Muslims perform Tahajud prayers during the Night of Lailatul Qadr at Naif Mosque, Dubai (5/5/2021). 10 days before the end of Ramadan, Muslims perform I’tikaf to attain the night of glory (Lailatul Qadr) by reciting the Quran, performing Tahajud prayers and remembrance.

its own virtues.
“It’s possible that the Prophet saw was only told about the virtue of Muharram exceeding Shaban in the later periods of his life, or maybe the Prophet saw already knew about it but was unable to multiply fasting in the month of Muharram due to various impediments, such as illness, travel, and the lik

ached its zenith.
The time for Dhuha prayer if adapted to the time in Indonesia is around 08:00 to 11:00. However, it is better if it is done after the sun is hot. This is based on the hadith from Zai

La ilaha illa anta subhanaka inni kuntu minadzolimin is a phrase of remembrance and prayer that was read by Prophet Yunus when he encountered difficulties in life. When practiced sincerely, it is told that Allah truly lifted the difficulty and gave forgiveness to Prophet Yunus. La ilaha illa anta subhanaka inni kuntu minadzolimin me

In addition to being combined (jamak), Maghrib and Isha prayers can also be performed by jamak and qasar. Jamak takhir prayer itself is a form of leniency in performing worship in Islam by combining a prayer whose time has passed with a prayer whose time has entered.

dakash shalihiin.
Meaning: “O my Lord, indeed the time of Dhuha is Your Dhuha time, the grandeur is Your magnificence, the beauty is Your beauty, the strength is Your strength, and the power is Your power and the protection is Your protection. O Allah, if my sustenance is still in the sky, bring it down and if it is in the earth, bring it out. If it is difficult, make it easy, if it is forbidden, purify it, if it is far, bring it near, by the virtue of Your Dhuha time, Your magnificence, Your beauty, Your strength and Your power, bestow upon us all that You have bestowed upon

Palace servants carry heirlooms while participating in the Kirab Pusaka and Tapa Bisu ritual ceremony in Solo, Saturday (31/8/2019) night. The procession occurs to commemorate the change of the Islamic New Year, which in the Javanese calendar is called Suro. (me

of the past year.
“The fast of Arafah expiates the sins of the past year and the next year.” He was also asked about the virtue of the Ashura fast? He replied, “The Ashura fast erases the sins of the previous y

ulungan or help).
It can also be 11 times (11 in Javanese; sewelas, is a prayer for God to provide kawelasan; mercy). Or 17 times (17 in Javanese; pitulas; so that God provides pitulungan and kawelasan). Bathing is better done not under the roof of the house; directly “under the sky”; the point is to directly unite the soul and body into the harmoni

tors in the past.
From an attitude of appreciation, it then grows into a source of inspiration and motivation for the next generation of the nation to do better and advance compared to the achievements that have been achieved by our ancestors in the past. A great nation is a nation that appreciates its ancest

In the near future, Muslims will welcome the New Year 1 Muharram 1446 H taking place on July 7, 2024. This moment is generally marked with various traditions and festivities to commemo

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